Enzymes

Enzyme characteristics
1. lower activation energy
2. increase reaction rate
3. don't change free energy (G)
4. aren't changed/consumed

Induced Fit hypothesis
Active site of enzyme is flexible and changes when the correct substrate approaches

Cofactors-nonprotein molecules that aid in binding enzyme+substrate (ES)
apoenzyme = enzyme without cofactor
holoenzyme = enzyme with cofactor
prosthetic group = enzyme with tightly bound cofactor
coenzymes = organic cofactors that cannot be produced by the body (organic groups, biotin, vitamin derivatives)